tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73176433083455023222024-03-06T02:54:39.065+07:00INFORMATIKABlog ini memuat tentang pelajara informatika mengenai c++..?? untuk memahaminya silahkan berkunjung kesini karya ini di tulis oleh sudarsomo,anak inormatika universitas pamulangINFORMATIKAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09924795505653720279noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7317643308345502322.post-88022066375779751212011-04-17T22:08:00.001+07:002011-04-17T22:55:55.725+07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhllxjlKmlLO19w2U5ni18aQ_MqjVR-ynPZYpU5dyPcO5TnhDjzqvEOPRUQ0XY2JFSdRksB1MiyBee0eyw9mgL457_5c4MOIaBYPmREDosSkfN6WCP9RfcZPgGPgRLUiHqjRVi7hcng3JxS/s1600/cute1ct3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhllxjlKmlLO19w2U5ni18aQ_MqjVR-ynPZYpU5dyPcO5TnhDjzqvEOPRUQ0XY2JFSdRksB1MiyBee0eyw9mgL457_5c4MOIaBYPmREDosSkfN6WCP9RfcZPgGPgRLUiHqjRVi7hcng3JxS/s320/cute1ct3.jpg" width="240" /></a></b></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">LAGUKU</span></b></div><div style="color: red;"><b><m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>G<br />
Setiap detik<br />
D<br />
Engkau yang dalam mimpiku<br />
C<br />
Setiap siang malam menggangguku<br />
G<br />
Tak lelap tidurku karena dirimu<br />
<br />
[*]<br />
G<br />
Setiap waktu<br />
D<br />
Engkau yang selalu menghantuiku<br />
C<br />
Tak pernah lari dari fikiranku<br />
G<br />
Tak mau hilang dari ingatanku<br />
<br />
Am<br />
Tahukah engkau<br />
C<br />
Saat gelap datang<br />
G C<br />
Aku masih mencarimu<br />
Am C<br />
Engkau dimana<br />
<br />
Kembali ke [*]<br />
<br />
Am C<br />
Tapi mengapa saat ku terjaga<br />
G D<br />
Kau masih tak disampingku<br />
Am C<br />
Sampai kapankah aku menantimu<br />
C<br />
Selalu menantiku<br />
<br />
[**]<br />
G C<br />
Setiap detik aku memikirkanmu<br />
D G<br />
Setiap detik rindu meracuniku<br />
Em Am<br />
Setiap detik teringatku padamu<br />
C D<br />
Setiap detik apa terus begini<br />
<br />
[***]<br />
G C<br />
Ku mohon dengarlah rintihan hati ini<br />
D G<br />
Yang ku curahkan seraya ku bernyanyi<br />
Em Am<br />
Sampai kapankah aku terus begini<br />
C D G<br />
Ku harap kau 'kan kembali kepadaku<br />
<br />
Kembali ke [**][***]</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Suara</span></b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Intro : D Bm G A
D
Disini aku masih sendiri
Bm
Merenungi hari-hari sepi
G
Aku tanpamu
A
Masih tanpamu
D
Bila esok hari datang lagi
Bm
Ku coba untuk hadapi semua ini
G Em D
Meski tanpamu meski tanpamu
Bm F#m Em
Bila aku dapat bintang yang berpijar
Bm F#m Em
Mentari yang tenang bersamaku disini
Bm F#m Em
Ku dapat tertawa menangis merenung
Bm A
Di tempat ini aku bertahan
Chorus :
D Bm
Suara dengarkanlah aku
G D/F# Em
Apa kabarnya pujaan hatiku
A Bm
Aku di sini menunggunya
G F#m Em A
Masih berharap di dalam hatinya
D Bm
Suara dengarkanlah aku
G D/F# Em
Apakah aku slalu dihatinya
A Bm
Aku di sini menunggunya
G F#m Em A
Masih berharap di dalam hatinya
D
Kalau ku masih tetap disini
Bm
Ku lewati semua yang terjadi
G F#m Em
Aku menunggumu
D
Aku menunggu
Intro : Bm A G D A G
Em F#m G A
D Bm
Suara dengarkanlah aku
G D/F# Em
Apa kabarnya pujaan hatiku
A Bm
Aku di sini menunggunya
G F#m Em A
Masih berharap di dalam hatinya
D Bm
Suara dengarkanlah aku
G D/F# Em
Apakah aku slalu dihatinya
A Bm
Aku di sini menunggunya
G F#m Em A
Masih berharap di dalam hatinya</b></span></pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Ungu</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Maafkan aku</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Intro: Am C G Dm 2x
Am C G Dm
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_Tak"><span style="color: #006600;">Tak</span> bisa kulupa saat-saat indah bersama mu
Am C G Dm
Semua cerita mungkin kini hanya tinggal kenangan
Am C G Dm
Ku harus pergi meninggalkanmu di </a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_dalam"><span style="color: #006600;">dalam</span></a> sepiku
Am C G Dm
Bukan inginku tuk menyakiti perasaanmu
Am Em
Maafkan aku
Int: Am C G Dm 2x
Am C G Dm
Maafkan aku yang <span style="color: #006600;">tak</span> bisa menunggu hatimu
Am C G Dm
Lupakan saja diriku <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_untuk"><span style="color: #006600;">untuk</span></a> selama-lamanya
Am C G Dm
Kuharus pergi meninggalkanmu di dalam sepiku
Am C G Dm
Bukan inginku tuk menyakiti perasaanmu
Am Em
Maafkan aku
Am Em F
Tidurlah sayangku Mentari tlah menunggu
Am Em F G
Sambutlah pagi nanti <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_dengan"><span style="color: #006600;">dengan</span></a> hati tersenyum
Am Em F
Bermimpilah cinta dengan segenap rasa
Am Em F G
Kini tibalah saatnya <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_kita"><span style="color: #006600;">kita</span></a> harus berpisah
Solo: Am G F 4x
Am Em F
Tidurlah sayangku Mentari tlah menunggu
Am Em F G
Sambutlah pagi nanti dengan hati tersenyum
Am Em F
Bermimpilah cinta dengan segenap rasa
Am Em F G
Kini tibalah saatnya kita harus berpisah
Am Em F Em F G
Lupakan saja diriku untuk selama-lamanya
Am Em F
aa haaa aaa huuuu
Am Em F
aa haaa aaa huuuu </b></span>
Maafkanlah aku yang tak bisa menunggu
Am</pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lirik, Kunci gitar, Chords Gitar, Kord Gitar Kerispatih - Tertatih</b></span></div><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>D A Bm Bm/A G D/F# Em A
aku mencoba tak mengingatmu dan mengenangmu
D F#7 Bm Bm/A
aku tlah hancur lebih dari berkeping-keping
G D/F#
karna cintaku karna rasaku
Em A
yang tulus padamu
F#m G Bm A F#m G A G#m D#m
jujur aku tak sanggup, aku tak bisa
C#m F# A G# C#m B F#
tak mungkin dapat ku dustai
B F# E
meskipun harus tertatih
G#m A C#m B
begitu dalamnya aku terjatuh
G#m A B C
dalam kesalahan rasa ini huooo
Solo: Gm C A# Am F C Dm C A# C
F#
B G#m D#m
jujur aku tak sanggup, aku tak bisa
C#m F# A G# C#m B F#
tak mungkin dapat ku dustai
C#m F# G#m D#m
jujur aku tak sanggup, aku tak bisa
C#m F# A G# C#m B F#
tak mungkin dapat ku dustai
C#m F# E B
meskipun harus tertatih</b></span>
aku berjalan di dalam kesendirian
begitu dalamnya aku terjatuh
dalam kesalahan rasa ini
B
aku tak mampu dan aku tertatih
B
semua yang pernah kita lewati
aku tak mampu dan aku tertatih
B
semua yang pernah kita lewati
meskipun harus tertatih
B
aku tak mampu dan aku tertatih
B
semua yang pernah kita lewati
</pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lirik dan Chord Gitar Pilihan: ENDLESS LOVE</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>ENDLESS LOVE</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Bb]My love, there's only [Eb]you in my life</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The [F]only [Bb]thing that's right</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My first love</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You're every [Eb]breath that I take</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You're [F]every [Bb]step I make</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F] And [Eb]I, [F]I want to [Bb]share [F]all my [Gm]love[Dm] with </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Eb]you</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No one [F]else will [Bb]do</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And your [Eb]eyes </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>They [F]tell me how [Bb]much you [F]care [Gm]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]Oh, [Eb]yes</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You will [Dm7]always [Cm7]be,</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Eb]My endless [Bb]love</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Bb]Two hearts, two hearts that [Eb]beat as one</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Our [F]lives have [Bb]just begun</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Forever, I'll hold you [Eb]close in my arms</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]I can't re[Bb]sist your charms</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>("`-''-/").___..--''"`-._</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>`6_ 6 ) `-. ( ).`-.__.`)</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>(_Y_.)' ._ ) INDOGITAR`._ `. ``-..-'</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>_..`--'_..-_/ /--'_.' ,'</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>(il),-'' (li),' ((!.-'</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>@ </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/indogitar">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/indogitar</a></b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Song lyrics, chords and guitar tabs</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Chordpro Library @</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F] And [Eb]love </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]I'll be a [Bb]fool [F]for [Gm]you</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Dm]I'm [Eb]sure you [F]know I don't [Bb]mind</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>'Cause [Eb]you, [F]you mean the [Bb]world to [F]me. [Gm]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]Oh, I [Eb]know </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Dm7]I found in [Cm7]you,</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My endless [Bb]love [Eb] [F] [Bb] [Eb] [Bb]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Oh,-</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And [Eb]love </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]I'll be that [Bb]fool [F]for [Gm7] you</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[F]I'm [Eb]sure you [F]know I don't [Eb]mind [Bb]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And [Eb]yes, [F]you'll be the [Bb]only [F]one [Gm] [Dm]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Ebmaj7]'Cause no one can de[Dm7]ny</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>This [Ebmaj7]love I have in[Dm7]side</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And I'll [Ebmaj7]give it all to [Dm7]you.</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[Cm7]My love [Eb]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My endless [Bb]love [Eb] [E/F] [F] [Bb]</b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><img border="0" height="901" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="615" /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>ST 12 – Cinta Tak Harus Memiliki</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>cinta memang tak selamanya bisa indah</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E7 A</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>cinta juga bisa berubah menjadi sakit</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>Am E</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>begitu yang kurasakan kini</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>perih hatiku, tinggal kehancuran</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>tak pernah terbayangkan, dan tak pernah terpikirkan</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E7 A</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>cintamu dan cintaku akan berpisah</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>Am E</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>namun harus kurelakan itu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>untuk hidupmu, agar lebih baik</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>**Reff : …………….</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>A B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>maafkan aku, setulus hatimu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E G#m C#m7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>kepergian diriku itu bukan keinginanku</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B E -E7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja, dengan pilihan yang lain dari orang tuamu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>A B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>jangan bersedih, dengan keadaan ini</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E G#m C#m7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>jika kamu menangis, aku juga ikut menangis</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m |B . . . |B . . . |E . . . |</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja, semua ini kulakukan……..untukmu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>**Music : |E . . . |G#m . . . |C#m . . . |A . . . |Am . . . |B . . . |B . . . |</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>“sayang….semua ini kulakukan,karena demi kebaikan kamu……</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>meski semua ini, itu menyakitkanku……”</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>**Reff : …………….</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>A B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>maafkan aku, setulus hatimu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E G#m C#m7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>kepergian diriku itu bukan keinginanku</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B E -E7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja, dengan pilihan yang lain dari orang tuamu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>A B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>Oou …jangan bersedih, dengan keadaan ini</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E G#m C#m7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>jika kamu menangis, aku juga ikut menangis</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B E</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja semua ini kulakukan… demi kebaikanmu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>**Reff : …………….</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>A B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>Oou …jangan bersedih, dengan keadaan ini</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>E G#m C#m7</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>jika kamu menangis, aku juga ikut menangis</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja, semua ini kulakukan…</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>**Ending : ………………….</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>F#m B</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>terima saja, semua ini kulakukan…</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>|A . . . |E . A . | E . . . |</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="msoIns"><ins>Untukmu..uuuu…uuuu..uuu</ins></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: My love,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>There´s only you in my life</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>The only thing that´s right</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: My first love,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>You´re every breath that I take</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>You´re every step I make</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: And I</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: I-I-I-I-I</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: I want to share</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: All my love with you</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: No one else will do...</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: And your eyes</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Your eyes, your eyes</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: They tell me how much you care</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ooh yes, you will always be</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>My endless love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: Two hearts,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Two hearts that beat as one</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Our lives have just begun</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: Forever</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Ohhhhhh</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: I´ll hold you close in my arms</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>I can´t resist your charms</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: And love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Oh, love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: I´ll be a fool</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>For you,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>I´m sure</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: You know I don´t mind</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Oh, you know I don´t mind</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: ´Cause you,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>You mean the world to me</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Oh</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: I know</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: I know</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: I´ve found in you</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>My endless love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Oooh-woow</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: Boom, boom</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Boom, boom, boom, boom, booom</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: Oooh, and love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Oh, love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: I´ll be that fool</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>For you,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>I´m sure</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: You know I don´t mind</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: Oh you know-</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: I don´t mind</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: And, YES</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>You´ll be the only one</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>´Cause NO one can deny</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>This love I have inside</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>And I´ll give it all to you</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HIM: My love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>HER: My love, my love</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>BOTH: My endless love</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel lost</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be left out in the dark</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be kicked when you’re down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel like you’ve been pushed around</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be on the edge of breaking down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And no one’s there to save you</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No you don’t know what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Welcome to my life</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Do you wanna be somebody else?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Are you sick of feeling so left out?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Are you desperate to find something more?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Before your life is over</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Are you stuck inside a world you hate?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Are you sick of everyone around?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>With their big fake smiles and stupid lies</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>While deep inside you’re bleeding</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No you don’t know what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>When nothing feels all right</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You don’t know what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be like me</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be hurt</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel lost</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be left out in the dark</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be kicked when you’re down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel like you’ve been pushed around</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be on the edge of breaking down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And no one’s there to save you</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No you don’t know what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Welcome to my life</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No one ever lied straight to your face</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And no one ever stabbed you in the back</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You might think I’m happy but I’m not gonna be okay</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Everybody always gave you what you wanted</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You never had to work it was always there</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You don’t know what it’s like, what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be hurt</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel lost</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be left out in the dark</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be kicked when you’re down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel like you’ve been pushed around</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be on the edge of breaking down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And no one’s there to save you</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No you don’t know what it’s like (what it’s like)</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be hurt</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel lost</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be left out in the dark</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be kicked when you’re down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To feel like you’ve been pushed around</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To be on the edge of breaking down</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>And no one’s there to save you</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>No you don’t know what it’s like</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Welcome to my life</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Welcome to my life</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Welcome to my life</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lirik, Kunci gitar, Chords Gitar, Kord Gitar Ungu - Laguku :</b></span></div><pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>G D
mungkinkah kau tahu
Em Bm
rasa cinta <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_yang"><span style="color: #006600;">yang</span></a> kini membara
C A
yang <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_masih"><span style="color: #006600;">masih</span></a> tersimpan
D C Bm Am
<span style="color: #006600;">dalam</span> lubuk jiwa
G D
ingin kunyatakan
Em Bm
lewat kata yang mesra untukmu
C A
namun ku <span style="color: #006600;">tak</span> kuasa
D C Bm Am
<span style="color: #006600;">untuk</span> melakukannya
G D
mungkin hanya lewat lagu ini
Em Bm
akan kunyatakan rasa
C A
cintaku padamu rinduku padamu
D C Bm Am
tak bertepi
G D
mungkin hanya sebuah lagu ini
Em Bm
yang slalu akan kunyanyikan
C A
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_sebagai"><span style="color: #006600;">sebagai</span></a> tanda betapa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7317643308345502322&postID=8802206637577975121" name="AdBriteInlineAd_aku"><span style="color: #006600;">aku</span></a> D C Bm Am
inginkan kamu
G D Em Bm C A D E
A E
mungkin hanya lewat lagu ini
F#m C#m
akan kunyatakan rasa
D B
cintaku padamu rinduku padamu
E D C#m Bm
tak bertepi
A E
mungkin hanya sebuah lagu ini
F#m C#m
yang slalu akan kunyanyikan
D B
sebagai tanda betapa aku
E D C#m Bm
inginkan kamu</b></span>
</pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: -9pt;"><b><br />
</b></div>INFORMATIKAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09924795505653720279noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7317643308345502322.post-78362267956600852112011-04-17T21:57:00.000+07:002011-04-17T21:57:02.694+07:00pengertian struktur data<div style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">BAB 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"> <b>TIPE DATA</b></span></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Struktur data adalah suatu koleksi atau kelompok data yang dapat dikarakterisasikan oleh organisasi serta operasi yang didefinisikan terhadapnya.</span></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal;">Data secara umum dapat dikategorikan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tipe data sederhana atau data sederhana</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Tunggal</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"><h3><span lang="EN-US">Integer, Real, Boolean, Karakter</span></h3></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Majemuk</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Struktur Data</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Sederhana</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Array dan Record</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 419.4pt;" valign="top" width="559"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Majemuk terdiri atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Linier</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Linier Linked List, Stack, Queue</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Non Linier</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, General Tree, Tree, Graf</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> INTEGER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Anggota dari himpunan bilangan : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">{..., -(n+1), -n, ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., n, n+1, ...}</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operasi dasar yaitu : penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, pembagian dan perpangkatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pembagian Integer (DIV) </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Hasil pembagian integer DIV adalah sebuah integer (menghilangkan bagian pecahan dari hasil pembagian)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : 27 DIV 4 = 6</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Selain itu terdapat <b>operasi MOD (Modulo)</b> adalah sisa dari pembagian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : 27 MOD 4 = 3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operator yang bekerja terhadap sepasang integer (operand) disebut <b>Binary Operator</b>. Sedangkan operator yang hanya bekerja terhadap satu operand saja disebut <b>Unary Operator</b>. </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Contoh dari unary operator adalah negasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> REAL</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Data numerik yang bukan termasuk integer, digolongkan dalam jenis data real. Ditulis menggunakan titik desimal (atau koma desimal). Dimasukkan ke dalam memori komputer memakai sistem floating point, disebut Scientific Notation. </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Penyajiannya terdiri dari : mantissa (pecahan) dan eksponen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Di dalam sistem desimal, 123000 = 0.123 * 10<sup>6</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini 0.123 adalah mantissa atau pecahan, sedangkan 6 adalah eksponennya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Secara umum suatu bilangan real X dituliskan M * R<sup>E</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini : M dijadikan pecahan, R adalah radixnya dan E merupakan eksponennya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> BOOLEAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Disebut juga jenis data <b>logical</b>. Anggota { <b>true</b> atau <b>false</b>}.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">A.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operator Logika, yaitu : AND, OR, NOT</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Operator AND akan menghasilkan nilai true, jika kedua operand bernilai true.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span lang="EN-US"> Operator OR akan menghasilkan nilai true, jika salah satu operand bernilai true</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Operator NOT merupakan “precedence” dari operator AND dan OR.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Dalam suatu ekspresi yang tidak menggunakan tanda kurung, operator <b>NOT</b> harus dievaluasi sebelum operator AND dan OR.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">B. Operator Relasional, yaitu : >, <, >=, <=, <> dan = </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Contoh : 6 < 8 = True</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 9 < 8 = False</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> KARAKTER</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Elemen dari suatu himpunan yang terdiri atas bilangan, abjad dan simbol khusus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">(0,1,...,8,9, A, B, ..., Y,Z, +, -,*,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ö</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">, ...}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> STRING</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Barisan hingga karakter yang dibentuk oleh suatu kumpulan dari karakter.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Karakter yang digunakan untuk membentuk suatu string disebut alfabet. Dalam penulisannya, suatu string berada dalam tanda “aphosthrope”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh :</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Misal diberikan himpunan alfabet A = {C,D,1}.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String yang dapat dibentuk dari alfabet di atas di antaranya : ‘CD1’,’CDD’,’DDC’,’CDC1’,... dan sebagainya, termasuk “null string” atau “empty string”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Himpunan tak hingga dari string yang dibentuk oleh alfabet A disebut <b>VOCABULARY</b>, Notasi : V<sub>A</sub> atau A*</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika suatu string dibentuk dari alfabet {0,1}, maka string yang terbentuk disebut dengan “<b>Bit String</b>”.</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">OPERASI</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operator</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah karakter dalam string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Gabungan 2 buah string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sub bagian dari string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SUBSTR</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menyisipkan string ke dalam string yang lain</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menghapus karakter dalam string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Nilai dari operasi ini adalah suatu integer yang menunjukkan panjang dari suatu string .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Notasi </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">: LENGTH(S) = N (integer)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> di sini S = String, N = integer</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Maka LENGTH(S) = N</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =“SISTEMINFORMASI”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Maka LENGTH(S) = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =“SISTEM INFORMASI”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Maka LENGTH(S) = 16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S = “ABCD20”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Maka LENGTH(S) = 6</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini bekerja terhadap dua string dan hasilnya merupakan resultan dari kedua string tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika S<sub>1</sub> dan S<sub>2</sub> masing-masing adalah suatu string, maka bentuk operasi CONCATENATION dinotasikan dengan : CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal S<sub>1</sub> = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ dan S<sub>2 </sub> =‘b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Maka CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>) = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>1</sub> = "Sistem"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>2</sub> = "Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>)= "SistemInformasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>)) = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>) + LENGTH(S<sub>2</sub>) = LENGTH(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>))</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 6 + 9 = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 15 = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SUBSTR</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini adalah operasi membentuk string baru, yang merupakan bagian dari string yang diketahui.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Notasi</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : SUBSTR(S, i, j)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini : S = string yang diketahui</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> i dan j = integer</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> i = posisi awal substring 1 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> i </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> j = banyak karakter yang diambil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 0 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> j </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(S) dan 0 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> i+j-1 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">£</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan S = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ ; i = 2 ; j= 4</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Maka SUBSTR(S,i,j) = SUBSTR(S,2,4) =‘a<sub>2</sub>a<sub>3</sub>a<sub>4</sub>a<sub>5</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">String S = "Sistem Informasi"</span></h3><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> SUBSTR(S,i, j) , i = 4 j = 8</span></h3><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> SUBSTR(S,4,8) = "tem Info"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = "Sistem"</span></div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> SUBSTR(S,1,3) = "Sis"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,1,3)) = 3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = "Informasi"</span></div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> SUBSTR(S,4,5) = "ormas"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,4,5)) = 5</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan :</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,i,j)) = j</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. SUBSTR(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>),1,LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>)) = S<sub>1</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3. SUBSTR(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>),LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>)+1,LENGTH(S<sub>2</sub>)) = S<sub>2</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini adalah untuk menyisipkan suatu string ke dalam string lain. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk umumnya adalah : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>,i). S<sub>1</sub> dan S<sub>2</sub> masing-masing adalah suatu string dan i adalah posisi awal S<sub>2</sub> pada S<sub>1</sub>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misalkan : S<sub>1</sub> = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> S<sub>2</sub> = ‘b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>,3) = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub>b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>a<sub>3</sub>a<sub>4</sub>... a<sub>N</sub>’ </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>1</sub> = "Sistem"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>2</sub> = "Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>,4) = “SisInformasitem”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>2</sub>,S<sub>1</sub>,4) = “InfSistemormasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><h2 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">DELETE</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operasi ini digunakan untuk menghapus sebagian karakter dalam suatu string.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk umumnya adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 135pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -112.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE(S,i,j) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> menghapuskan sebagian karakter dalam string S, mulai dari posisi <i>i </i>dengan panjang <i>j</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan string S = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE(S,3,4) = ‘a<sub>1 </sub>a<sub>2</sub> a<sub>7</sub>a<sub>8</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub> </sub> = "Sistem Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> i = 4, j = 9</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> DELETE(S,i,j) = “Sismasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> DELETE(S,j,i) = “Sistem Imasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = “SistemInformasi”</span></div><h4 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> DELETE(S, 4, 5) = “Sisformasi”</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> DELETE(S, 5, 4) = “Sistformasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><h1 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DEKLARASI DALAM BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PASCAL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Var Count : integer;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Switch : boolean;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Betha : char;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Alamat : packed array [1..25] of char;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> COBOL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> DATA DIVISION</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 01 Count PICTURE S999.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> 01 Flda PICTURE X.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 88 Switch VALUE ‘Y’.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 01 Betha PICTURE X.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 01 Alamat PICTURE X(25).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">MAPPING KE STORAGE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> INTEGER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk mapping ke storage dari integer dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Skema Sign and Magnitude</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Skema One’s Complement</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Skema Two’s Complement</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">J</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA SIGN AND MAGNITUDE</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Cara ini merupakan bentuk konvensional yang digunakan manusia untuk menyatakan suatu bilangan dalam bentuk biner. Di sini representasi bilangan positif dan negatif hanya dibedakan dengan tanda saja. Biasanya tanda positif atau negatif ditunjukkan oleh digit terdepan dari bentuk binernya, untuk representasi dengan jumlah digit tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> +5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> + 101 atau 5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> -5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - 101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : tanda (+) biasanya diabaikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">J</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA TWO’S COMPLEMENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika x bilangan bulat non negatif maka x’ bilangan binary negatif dari x sedemikian sehingga x + x’ = R</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> R = 2<sup>N</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> N = jumlah digit maksimum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bila N = 4, maka R = 2<sup>4 </sup>= 16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x = 5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 0101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> = 16 - 5 = 11 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 1011 (-5)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">J</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA ONE’S COMPLEMENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika x bilangan bulat non negatif maka x’ bilangan binary negatif dari x sedemikian sehingga x + x’ = R</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> R = 2<sup>N</sup> - 1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> N = jumlah digit maksimum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x’ = R – x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bila N = 4, maka R = 2<sup>4 </sup> - 1= 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x = 5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 0101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> = 15 - 5 = 10 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 1010 (-5)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk R = 2<sup>N</sup> dan R = 2<sup>N</sup> - 1, bilangan bulat yang dapat disimpan dalam storage untuk ke-2 cara ini adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="14" width="231"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="31" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="82" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 2<sup> (N-1)</sup> - 1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk R = 2<sup>4,</sup> bilangan bulat terbesar = 2<sup>3 </sup>-1, maka r = 2<sup>4</sup> merepresentasikan bilangan dari -7 sampai dengan +7</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INTEGER</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SIGN &</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">MAGNITUDE</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">TWO’S</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">COMPLEMENT</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ONE’S</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">COMPLEMENT</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-7</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1000</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-6</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1001</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-5</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1010</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-4</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1011</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-3</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1100</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1101</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1110</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">000</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0000</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0000</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0001</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0010</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0011</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0100</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0101</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">6</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0110</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">7</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0111</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> KARAKTER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ada banyak skema yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan karakter dalam storage. Pada umumnya skema yang paling banyak digunakan adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange (EBCDIC)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Digunakan kode 8 bit untuk menyatakan sebuah karakter. Jika dihitung, kemungkinan kombinasi seluruhnya : 2<sup>8</sup> = 256.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Digunakan kode 7 bit untuk menyatakan sebuah karakter. Jika dihitung, kemungkinan kombinasi seluruhnya : 2<sup>7</sup> = 128.</span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">§</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> STRING</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk mengetahui bentuk mapping pada storage dari suatu string, perlu diketahui beberapa hal yang menyangkut ruang untuk string yang bersangkutan antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- letak posisi awal (start) dan posisi akhir (terminal)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- suatu pointer yang menunjukkan lokasi pada storage</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ada tiga cara yang umum digunakan untuk mapping suatu string ke dalam storage. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal diberikan dua string, yaitu : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">S<sub>1</sub> = ‘ABCDEFG’ dan S<sub>2 </sub>= ‘BCD’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- panjang string (LENGTH)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">7</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Format penyimpanannya dapat berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 51px; left: 0px; margin-left: 380px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251655168;"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 392px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251654144;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="9" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> ABCDEFGBCD atau ABCDEFG </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="0" width="48"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> <td width="83"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> <td colspan="2"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="48"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR1S PTR2S PTR1S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 2</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - alamat akhir (TERM)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">TERM</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1T</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2T</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Format penyimpanannya dapat berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 63px; left: 0px; margin-left: 379px; margin-top: 18px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251656192;"><img height="63" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="height: 41px; left: 0px; margin-left: 389px; margin-top: 15px; position: absolute; width: 10px; z-index: 251658240;"><img height="41" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="10" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 418px; margin-top: 18px; position: absolute; width: 10px; z-index: 251661312;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="10" /></span><span style="height: 24px; left: 0px; margin-left: 173px; margin-top: 17px; position: absolute; width: 15px; z-index: 251660288;"><img height="24" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" width="15" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 125px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251659264;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="9" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> ABCDEFGBCD atau ABCDEFG </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 62px; left: 0px; margin-left: 51px; margin-top: 3px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251650048;"><img height="62" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251657216;"><span style="height: 75px; left: 144px; position: absolute; top: -4px; width: 41px;"><img height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="41" /></span></span><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251662336;"><span style="height: 25px; left: 461px; position: absolute; top: -5px; width: 34px;"><img height="25" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.gif" width="34" /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR1T PTR2T PTR2T PTR1T</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR1S PTR2S PTR1S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 3</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - suatu tanda yang menunjukkan batas string</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Penyimpanannya :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> ABCDEFG#BCD# </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="1" width="48"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> <td width="97"><br />
</td> <td width="15"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="2"><br />
</td> <td colspan="2"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="top"><img height="61" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="15" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="51"><br />
</td> <td align="left" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="8"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PTR1S PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Cara lain yaitu : 1. Packed</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 2. Unpacked</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Suatu string yang direpresentasikan dalam bentuk packed terbagi atas beberapa word. Banyaknya karakter untuk masing-masing word tergantung dari kode yang digunakan oleh mesin (bit-nya). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Secara umum jumlah word yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan string S dalam storage dengan K karakter per word adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="9" width="94"><br />
</td> <td width="11"><br />
</td> <td width="102"><br />
</td> <td width="11"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="61" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" width="11" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="58"><br />
</td> <td><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="59" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="11" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="1"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="5" width="106"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif" width="103" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> K</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal diberikan string S =“ManajemenInformatika”, direpresentasikan dalam 4 karakter per word dalam bentuk packed. Maka secara fisik dapat digambarkan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 90.9pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.6pt;" valign="top" width="62"><h5><span lang="EN-US">Mana</span></h5></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.05pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">jeme</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.6pt;" valign="top" width="62"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">nInf</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.2pt;" valign="top" width="67"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">orma</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.05pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">tika</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah word : 5</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah karakter/word : 4</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sedangkan cara unpacked, setiap word terdiri hanya satu karakter, berarti jumlah word yang diperlukan untuk merepresentasikan suatu string S adalah : LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan string S = “Gunadarma”. Representasinya dalam bentuk unpacked adalah : LENGTH(S) = 9</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.45in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">G</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">u</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">n</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">d</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">r</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>INFORMATIKAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09924795505653720279noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7317643308345502322.post-44414494497176055242011-04-13T18:33:00.003+07:002011-04-13T18:33:52.188+07:00pengertian struktur data<div style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1046"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">BAB 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span><b>TIPE DATA</b></span></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Struktur data adalah suatu koleksi atau kelompok data yang dapat dikarakterisasikan oleh organisasi serta operasi yang didefinisikan terhadapnya.</span></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoTitle" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal;">Data secara umum dapat dikategorikan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tipe data sederhana atau data sederhana</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Tunggal</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"> <h3><span lang="EN-US">Integer, Real, Boolean, Karakter</span></h3></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Majemuk</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String</span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Struktur Data</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Sederhana</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Array dan Record</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 419.4pt;" valign="top" width="559"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Majemuk terdiri atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Linier</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Linier Linked List, Stack, Queue</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Non Linier</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.2in;" valign="top" width="403"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, General Tree,<span> </span>Tree, Graf</span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> INTEGER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Anggota dari himpunan bilangan : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">{..., -(n+1), -n, ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., n, n+1, ...}</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operasi dasar yaitu : penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, pembagian dan perpangkatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pembagian Integer (DIV) </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Hasil pembagian integer DIV adalah sebuah integer (menghilangkan bagian pecahan dari hasil pembagian)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : 27 DIV 4 = 6</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Selain itu terdapat <b>operasi MOD (Modulo)</b> adalah sisa dari pembagian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : 27 MOD 4 = 3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operator yang bekerja terhadap sepasang integer (operand) disebut <b>Binary Operator</b>. Sedangkan operator yang hanya bekerja terhadap satu operand saja disebut <b>Unary Operator</b>. </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Contoh dari unary operator adalah negasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> REAL</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Data numerik yang bukan termasuk integer, digolongkan dalam jenis data real.<span> </span>Ditulis menggunakan titik desimal (atau koma desimal).<span> </span>Dimasukkan ke dalam memori komputer memakai sistem floating point,<span> </span>disebut Scientific Notation.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Penyajiannya terdiri dari : mantissa (pecahan) dan eksponen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Di dalam sistem desimal, 123000 = 0.123 * 10<sup>6</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini 0.123 adalah mantissa atau pecahan, sedangkan 6 adalah eksponennya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Secara umum suatu bilangan real X dituliskan M * R<sup>E</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini : M dijadikan pecahan, R adalah radixnya dan E merupakan eksponennya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> BOOLEAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Disebut juga jenis data <b>logical</b>.<span> </span>Anggota { <b>true</b> atau <b>false</b>}.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>A.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operator Logika, yaitu : AND, OR, NOT</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Operator AND akan menghasilkan nilai true, jika kedua operand bernilai true.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span>·</span><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Operator OR akan menghasilkan nilai true, jika salah satu operand bernilai true</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span> </span>Operator NOT merupakan “precedence” dari operator AND dan OR.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Dalam suatu ekspresi yang tidak menggunakan tanda kurung, operator <b>NOT</b> harus dievaluasi sebelum operator AND dan OR.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">B. Operator Relasional, yaitu : >, <, >=, <=, <> dan = </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Contoh : 6<span> </span>< 8 = True</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>9<span> </span>< 8 = False</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> KARAKTER</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Elemen dari suatu himpunan yang terdiri atas bilangan, abjad dan simbol khusus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">(0,1,...,8,9, A, B, ..., Y,Z, +, -,*,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>Ö</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">, ...}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> STRING</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Barisan hingga karakter yang dibentuk oleh suatu kumpulan dari karakter.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Karakter yang digunakan untuk membentuk suatu string disebut alfabet. Dalam penulisannya, suatu string berada dalam tanda “aphosthrope”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh :</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Misal diberikan himpunan alfabet A = {C,D,1}.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String yang dapat dibentuk dari alfabet di atas di antaranya : ‘CD1’,’CDD’,’DDC’,’CDC1’,... dan sebagainya, termasuk “null string” atau “empty string”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Himpunan tak hingga dari string yang dibentuk oleh alfabet A disebut <b>VOCABULARY</b>, Notasi : V<sub>A</sub><span> </span>atau A*</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika suatu string dibentuk dari alfabet {0,1}, maka string yang terbentuk disebut dengan “<b>Bit String</b>”.</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">OPERASI</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operator</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah karakter dalam string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Gabungan 2 buah string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sub bagian dari string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SUBSTR</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menyisipkan string ke dalam string yang lain</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 293.4pt;" valign="top" width="391"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menghapus karakter dalam string</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Nilai dari operasi ini adalah suatu integer yang menunjukkan panjang dari suatu string .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Notasi </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">: LENGTH(S) = N (integer)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>di sini S = String, N = integer</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Maka LENGTH(S) = N</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =“SISTEMINFORMASI”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Maka LENGTH(S) = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S =“SISTEM INFORMASI”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Maka LENGTH(S) = 16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika diberikan string S = “ABCD20”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Maka LENGTH(S) = 6</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini bekerja terhadap dua string dan hasilnya merupakan resultan dari kedua string tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika S<sub>1</sub> dan S<sub>2</sub> masing-masing adalah suatu string, maka bentuk operasi CONCATENATION dinotasikan dengan : CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal S<sub>1</sub> = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ dan<span> </span>S<sub>2 </sub><span> </span>=‘b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Maka CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>) = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>1</sub> = "Sistem"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>2</sub> = "Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>)= "SistemInformasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>)) = 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>)<span> </span>+ LENGTH(S<sub>2</sub>) = LENGTH(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>))</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>6<span> </span><span> </span>+<span> </span>9 <span> </span><span> </span>= <span> </span>15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>15<span> </span> =<span> </span>15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SUBSTR</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini adalah operasi membentuk string baru, yang merupakan bagian dari string yang diketahui.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Notasi</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :<span> </span>SUBSTR(S, i, j)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">di sini : S = string yang diketahui</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>i dan j = integer</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>i = posisi awal substring 1 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>i<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>j = banyak karakter yang diambil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>0 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>j<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>LENGTH(S) dan 0 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>i+j-1<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>£</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan S = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ ; i = 2 ; j= 4</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Maka SUBSTR(S,i,j) = SUBSTR(S,2,4) =‘a<sub>2</sub>a<sub>3</sub>a<sub>4</sub>a<sub>5</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">String S = "Sistem Informasi"</span></h3><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>SUBSTR(S,i, j) , i = 4<span> </span>j = 8</span></h3><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>SUBSTR(S,4,8) = "tem Info"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = "Sistem"</span></div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>SUBSTR(S,1,3) = "Sis"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,1,3)) = 3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = "Informasi"</span></div><h3 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>SUBSTR(S,4,5) = "ormas"</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,4,5)) = 5</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan :</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. LENGTH(SUBSTR(S,i,j)) = j</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. SUBSTR(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>),1,LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>)) = S<sub>1</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3. SUBSTR(CONCAT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>),LENGTH(S<sub>1</sub>)+1,LENGTH(S<sub>2</sub>)) = S<sub>2</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Operasi ini adalah untuk menyisipkan suatu string ke dalam string lain. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk umumnya adalah :<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>,i). S<sub>1</sub><span> </span>dan S<sub>2</sub> masing-masing adalah suatu string dan i adalah posisi awal S<sub>2</sub> pada S<sub>1</sub>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misalkan : S<sub>1</sub><span> </span>= ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>S<sub>2</sub><span> </span>= ‘b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>,3) = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub>b<sub>1</sub>b<sub>2</sub> ... b<sub>M</sub>a<sub>3</sub>a<sub>4</sub>... a<sub>N</sub>’ </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>1</sub> = "Sistem"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub>2</sub> = "Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub>,4) = “SisInformasitem”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSERT(S<sub>2</sub>,S<sub>1</sub>,4) = “InfSistemormasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><h2 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">DELETE</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Operasi ini digunakan untuk menghapus sebagian karakter dalam suatu string.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk umumnya adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 135pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -112.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE(S,i,j) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>®</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> menghapuskan sebagian karakter dalam string S, mulai dari posisi <i>i </i>dengan panjang <i>j</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan string S = ‘a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DELETE(S,3,4) = ‘a<sub>1 </sub>a<sub>2</sub> a<sub>7</sub>a<sub>8</sub> ... a<sub>N</sub>’ </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S<sub> </sub><span> </span>= "Sistem Informasi"</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>i = 4, j = 9</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>DELETE(S,i,j) = “Sismasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>DELETE(S,j,i) = “Sistem Imasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">String S = “SistemInformasi”</span></div><h4 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>DELETE(S, 4, 5) = “Sisformasi”</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>DELETE(S, 5, 4) = “Sistformasi”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><h1 style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">DEKLARASI DALAM BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> PASCAL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Var Count : integer;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>Switch : boolean;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Betha : char;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>Alamat : packed array [1..25] of char;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> COBOL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>DATA DIVISION</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>01 Count PICTURE S999.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>01 Flda<span> </span>PICTURE X.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>88 Switch VALUE ‘Y’.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>01 Betha<span> </span>PICTURE X.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>01 Alamat PICTURE X(25).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">MAPPING KE STORAGE</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> INTEGER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk mapping ke storage dari integer dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Skema Sign and Magnitude</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Skema One’s Complement</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Skema Two’s Complement</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>J</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA SIGN AND MAGNITUDE</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Cara ini merupakan bentuk konvensional yang digunakan manusia untuk menyatakan suatu bilangan dalam bentuk biner. Di sini representasi bilangan positif dan negatif hanya dibedakan dengan tanda saja. Biasanya tanda positif atau negatif ditunjukkan oleh digit terdepan dari bentuk binernya, untuk representasi dengan jumlah digit tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>+5<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>+ 101 atau<span> </span>5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>-5<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- 101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> : tanda (+) biasanya diabaikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>J</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA TWO’S COMPLEMENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika x bilangan bulat non negatif maka x’ bilangan binary negatif dari x sedemikian sehingga x + x’ = R</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>R = 2<sup>N</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>N = jumlah digit maksimum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bila N = 4, maka R = 2<sup>4 </sup>= 16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>x = 5<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 0101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>= 16 - 5 = 11<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 1011 (-5)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>J</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> SKEMA ONE’S COMPLEMENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jika x bilangan bulat non negatif maka x’ bilangan binary negatif dari x sedemikian sehingga x + x’ = R</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>R = 2<sup>N</sup> - 1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>N = jumlah digit maksimum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>x’ = R – x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Bila N = 4, maka R = 2<sup>4 </sup><span> </span>- 1= 15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>x = 5<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 0101</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>x’ = R - x</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>= 15 - 5 = 10<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>ê</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 1010 (-5)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Catatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk R = 2<sup>N</sup><span> </span>dan R = 2<sup>N</sup> - 1, bilangan bulat yang dapat disimpan dalam storage untuk ke-2 cara ini adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="14" width="231"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="31" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="82" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>2<sup> (N-1)</sup> - 1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk R = 2<sup>4,</sup> bilangan bulat terbesar = 2<sup>3 </sup>-1, maka r = 2<sup>4</sup> merepresentasikan bilangan dari -7 sampai dengan +7</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">INTEGER</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">SIGN &</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">MAGNITUDE</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">TWO’S</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">COMPLEMENT</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ONE’S</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">COMPLEMENT</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-7</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1000</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-6</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1001</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-5</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1010</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-4</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1011</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-3</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1100</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1101</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">-001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1110</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">000</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0000</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0000</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0001</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0001</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0010</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0010</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0011</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0011</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0100</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0100</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0101</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0101</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">6</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0110</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0110</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">7</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0111</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">0111</span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> KARAKTER</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ada banyak skema yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan karakter dalam storage. Pada umumnya skema yang paling banyak digunakan adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange (EBCDIC)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Digunakan kode 8 bit untuk menyatakan sebuah karakter. Jika dihitung, kemungkinan kombinasi seluruhnya : 2<sup>8</sup> = 256.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">2. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Digunakan kode 7 bit untuk menyatakan sebuah karakter. Jika dihitung, kemungkinan kombinasi seluruhnya : 2<sup>7</sup> = 128.</span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>§</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> STRING</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Untuk mengetahui bentuk mapping pada storage dari suatu string, perlu diketahui beberapa hal yang menyangkut ruang untuk string yang bersangkutan antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- letak posisi awal (start) dan posisi akhir (terminal)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- suatu pointer yang menunjukkan lokasi pada storage</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ada tiga cara yang umum digunakan untuk mapping suatu string ke dalam storage. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal diberikan dua string, yaitu : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">S<sub>1</sub> = ‘ABCDEFG’ dan S<sub>2 </sub>= ‘BCD’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>m</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">- panjang string (LENGTH)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">LENGTH</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">7</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">3</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Format penyimpanannya dapat berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 51px; left: 0px; margin-left: 380px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251655168;"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 392px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251654144;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="9" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>ABCDEFGBCD<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>atau<span> </span><span> </span>ABCDEFG<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="0" width="48"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> <td width="83"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> <td colspan="2"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="48"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>PTR1S<span> </span>PTR2S<span> </span>PTR1S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>m</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 2</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- alamat akhir (TERM)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">TERM</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1T</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" valign="top" width="139"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2T</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Format penyimpanannya dapat berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 63px; left: 0px; margin-left: 379px; margin-top: 18px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251656192;"><img height="63" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="height: 41px; left: 0px; margin-left: 389px; margin-top: 15px; position: absolute; width: 10px; z-index: 251658240;"><img height="41" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="10" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 418px; margin-top: 18px; position: absolute; width: 10px; z-index: 251661312;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="10" /></span><span style="height: 24px; left: 0px; margin-left: 173px; margin-top: 17px; position: absolute; width: 15px; z-index: 251660288;"><img height="24" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" width="15" /></span><span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 125px; margin-top: 19px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251659264;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="9" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>ABCDEFGBCD<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>atau<span> </span><span> </span>ABCDEFG<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 62px; left: 0px; margin-left: 51px; margin-top: 3px; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251650048;"><img height="62" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" width="9" /></span><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251657216;"><span style="height: 75px; left: 144px; position: absolute; top: -4px; width: 41px;"><img height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="41" /></span></span><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251662336;"><span style="height: 25px; left: 461px; position: absolute; top: -5px; width: 34px;"><img height="25" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.gif" width="34" /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>PTR1T<span> </span>PTR2T<span> </span>PTR2T<span> </span>PTR1T</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>PTR1S<span> </span>PTR2S<span> </span>PTR1S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>m</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> CARA 3</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Menggunakan tabel informasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- nama string (NAME)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- alamat awal (START)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>- suatu tanda yang menunjukkan batas string</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 23.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAME</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">START</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR1S</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">STRING2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">PTR2S</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Penyimpanannya :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>ABCDEFG#BCD#<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="1" width="48"><br />
</td> <td width="9"><br />
</td> <td width="97"><br />
</td> <td width="15"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="2"><br />
</td> <td colspan="2"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="top"><img height="61" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="15" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="51"><br />
</td> <td align="left" valign="top"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="9" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="8"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>PTR1S<span> </span>PTR2S</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Cara lain yaitu : 1. Packed</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>2. Unpacked</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Suatu string yang direpresentasikan dalam bentuk packed terbagi atas beberapa word. Banyaknya karakter untuk masing-masing word tergantung dari kode yang digunakan oleh mesin (bit-nya). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Secara umum jumlah word yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan string S dalam storage dengan K karakter per word adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="9" width="94"><br />
</td> <td width="11"><br />
</td> <td width="102"><br />
</td> <td width="11"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="3"><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="61" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" width="11" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="58"><br />
</td> <td><br />
</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="59" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="11" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="1"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="5" width="106"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/IRFAND%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif" width="103" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>K</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Misal diberikan string S =“ManajemenInformatika”, direpresentasikan dalam 4 karakter per word dalam bentuk packed. Maka secara fisik dapat digambarkan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 90.9pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.6pt;" valign="top" width="62"> <h5><span lang="EN-US">Mana</span></h5></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.05pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">jeme</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.6pt;" valign="top" width="62"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">nInf</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.2pt;" valign="top" width="67"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">orma</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.05pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">tika</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah word : 5</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Jumlah karakter/word : 4</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sedangkan cara unpacked, setiap word terdiri hanya satu karakter, berarti jumlah word yang diperlukan untuk merepresentasikan suatu string S adalah : LENGTH(S)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contoh </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Diberikan string S = “Gunadarma”. Representasinya dalam bentuk unpacked adalah :<span> </span>LENGTH(S) = 9</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.45in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">G</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">u</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">n</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">d</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">r</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>INFORMATIKAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09924795505653720279noreply@blogger.com0